AF-Pressure

Dynamic pressure:

                 

where

- P : Dynamic pressure (N/m² (Pa), lb_f/ft² (psf))

- ρ : Density of fluid (kg/m³)

- v : Velocity (m/s, ft/s)

Pressure drop:

- ƒ : Friction Factor
- L : Length of Pipe (m)
- D: Pipe Diameter (m)
- ρ : Density of fluid (kg/m³)
- v : Velocity (m/s)

Pressure Calculator

Density (ρ):	[kg/m3]
Velocity (v):	[m/s]
Internal Diameter (D):	[mm]
Length of Pipe (L):	[m]
Friction Factor (ƒ):
Dynamic Pressure (p):	[Pa]
Pressure drop (Δp):	[Pa]

AF-Friction factor

Darcy friction factor formulae:

 - Re: Reynolds number
 - D: Pipe diameter (m)
 - ε: Roughness height (m) (More detail show as table below).

Darcy friction factor calculator

Reynolds Number (Re):
Roughness height (𝜀):	[mm]
Internal Diameter (D):	[mm]
Friction factor (ƒ):

Roughness height table:

Surface	Absolute Roughness height ε
	(x10-3 m) or (mm)
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)	0.001 - 0.002
PVC and Plastic Pipes	0.0015 - 0.007
Stainless steel, bead blasted	0.001 - 0.006
Stainless steel, turned	0.0004 - 0.006
Stainless steel, electropolished	0.0001 - 0.0008
Steel commercial pipe	0.045 - 0.09
Stretched steel	0.015
Weld steel	0.045
Galvanized steel	0.15
Rusted steel (corrosion)	0.15 - 4
New cast iron	0.25 - 0.8
Worn cast iron	0.8 - 1.5
Rusty cast iron	1.5 - 2.5
Sheet or asphalted cast iron	0.01 - 0.015
Smoothed cement	0.3
Ordinary concrete	0.3 - 1
Coarse concrete	0.3 - 5
Well planed wood	0.18 - 0.9
Ordinary wood	5

AF-Reynolds number

The Reynolds number is defined as

where:

- ρ is the density of the fluid (SI units: kg/m3).
- u is the velocity of the fluid with respect to the object (m/s).
- L is the Internal diameter of piper (m).
- μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s or N·s/m2 or kg/m·s).
- ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid (m2/s).

The Reynolds number calculator

Air/Fluid Density (ρ):	[kg/m3]
Air/Fluid Velocity (u):	[m/s]
Internal Diameter (L):	[mm]
Dynamic Viscosity (µ):	[Pa·s or N·s/m2 or kg/m·s]
Kinematic Viscosity (ν):	[m2/s]
Reynolds Number (Re):

AF-Velocity

Fluid Velocity Calculator

Fluid Velocity Calculator
Air/Fluid Flow:	[m3/h]
Air/Fluid Flow:	[L/s]
Select Pipe Type:	Circle Pipe Rectangular Pipe
Internal Diameter:	[mm]
Width:	[mm]
The Result
Pipe Area:
Fluid Velocity: